ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of methanolic leaf extract from Arbutus andrachne and its mechanism of action. Methods: Paw edema was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of λ-carrageenan (1% w/v, 100 μL/paw) while pyrexia was evoked by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 20% baker's yeast (20 mL/kg body wt) in male Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Arbutus andrachne methanolic leaf extract were explored by injecting rats with different doses of the plant extract (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body wt, i.p.). Selective antagonists for transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (a2-AR) were used to unravel the extracts' mechanism of action. Blood samples were collected from the heart of rats to measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing paw thickness and IL-6 levels. In addition, yeast-evoked pyrexia was attenuated by the extract treatment via TRPV1 and CB1 receptors and a reduction in PGE 2 levels. No significant effects were found for a2-AR. Moreover, the rats that received the plant extract demonstrated similar responses to the positive control group. Conclusions: Arbutus andrachne can be a good candidate for treating inflammation and pyrexia and should be further investigated.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of methanolic leaf extract from Arbutus andrachne and its mechanism of action. Methods: Paw edema was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of λ-carrageenan (1% w/v, 100 μL/paw) while pyrexia was evoked by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 20% baker's yeast (20 mL/kg body wt) in male Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Arbutus andrachne methanolic leaf extract were explored by injecting rats with different doses of the plant extract (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body wt, i.p.). Selective antagonists for transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (a2-AR) were used to unravel the extracts' mechanism of action. Blood samples were collected from the heart of rats to measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing paw thickness and IL-6 levels. In addition, yeast-evoked pyrexia was attenuated by the extract treatment via TRPV1 and CB1 receptors and a reduction in PGE 2 levels. No significant effects were found for a2-AR. Moreover, the rats that received the plant extract demonstrated similar responses to the positive control group. Conclusions: Arbutus andrachne can be a good candidate for treating inflammation and pyrexia and should be further investigated.
ABSTRACT
Inflammation is a host defense mechanism to get rid of injurious stimuli and to induce tissue healing process. In Jordan, Salvia species are traditionally used to treat inflammation and other ailments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of six Salvia species grown in Jordan to inhibit cutaneous inflammation. Topical anti-inflammatory activities of hexane [Hex], ethyl acetate [EtOAc] and methanol [MeOH] extracts from Salvia species aerial parts [S. ceratophylla, S. dominica, S. multicaulis, S. palaestina, S. spinosa and S. syriaca] were evaluated for the inhibition of croton oil-induced mouse ear oedema. Almost all extracts reduced oedema at the tested dose [300 microg/cm[2]]. Hex and EtOAc extracts exhibited the best anti-inflammatory effect in a dose-dependent pattern. Dose inducing 50% oedema inhibition [ID50] in vivo was found to be in the range of 87 - 300 microg/cm[2] and 47-146 microg/cm[2] for Hex and EtOAc extracts, respectively. In comparison with indomethacin [ID50 96 microg/cm[2]], S. palaestina and S. multicaulis EtOAc extracts were two folds more potent [ID50 47 and 50 microg/cm[2], respectively]. Whereas, the ID50 of S. syriaca Hex extract [87microg/cm[2]] was comparable to that of indomethacin. In conclusion, the results illustrated that S. multicaulis, S. palaestina and S. syriaca can be regarded as promising natural sources of anti-inflammatory drugs
ABSTRACT
In the present study, 18 Jordanian medicinal plants were evaluated for their Xanthine Oxidase [XO] inhibitory potential. Their aqueous extracts, prepared from used parts, were tested in vitro, at 200 micro g/mL concentration, for their inhibition potencies expressed as% inhibition of XO activity. Five of the tested plants were found most active [% inhibition more than 35%] and their inhibition profiles [dose-dependent] were further evaluated by estimating the IC[50] values of their corresponding extracts. These plants were Hyoscyamus reticulates L. [IC[50] = 12.8 micro g/mL], Achillea fragrantissima [Forssk.] Sch. Bip. [197.6 micro g/mL], Pimpinella anism L., [300.4 micro g/mL]. Origanum syriacum L. [317.0 micro g/mL], and Origanum vulgare L. [403.9 micro g/mL]. Moreover, five more plants showed XO inhibitory activity in the range of 14-30%. Namely: Daphne linearifolia L. [29.5% inhibition], Hibiscus sabdoriffa L. [19.44], Aristolochia maurorum L. [15.6%], Citrullus colocynthis [L.] Schr. [14.4%], and Laurus nobilis L. [13.97%]. Considering the results of the present screening study, many of the investigated plants species can be used as potential sources of natural XO inhibitors that can be elaborated as successful herbal remedies for gout, arthritis and other XO-related disorders